131. Case Law

Reported decisions of appeals courts and other courts which make new interpretations of the law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents. These interpretations are distinguished from "statutory law," which is the statutes and codes (laws) enacted by legislative bodies.

132. Case

Short for a cause of action, lawsuit, or the right to sue. It is also shorthand for the reported decisions which can be cited as precedents.

133. Cartel

1) An arrangement among supposedly independent corporations or national monopolies in the same industrial or resource development field organized to control distribution, set prices, reduce competition, and sometimes share technical expertise. Often the participants are multinational corporations which operate across numerous borders and have little or no loyalty to any home country, and great loyalty to profits.

134. Carryover

In taxation accounting, using a tax year's deductions, business losses or credits to apply to the following year's tax return to reduce the tax liability.

135. Carryback

In taxation accounting, using a current tax year's deductions, business losses or credits to re-figure and amend a previously filed tax return to reduce tax liability.

136. Carnal Knowledge

from Latin carnalis for "fleshly;" carnal knowledge, knowledge of sexual intercourse between a male and female in which there is at least some penetration, no matter how slight, is legally significant in that it is a necessary legal characteristic or element of rape, molestation, and statutory rape

137. Caption

The first section of any written legal papers to be filed. It contains then name, address, telephone number of the attorney, the person or persons the attorney represents, the court name, the title of the case, the number of the case, and the title of the documents.

138. Capricious

Unpredictable and subject to whim, often used in law to refer to judges and judicial decisions which do not follow the law, logic, or proper trial procedure.

139. Capitalized Value

Anticipated earnings which are discounted so that they represent a more realistic current value since projected earnings do not always turn out as favorable as expected or hoped.

140. Capitalization

1) the act of counting anticipated earnings and expenses as capital assets for accounting purposes 2) The amount of anticipated net earnings which hypothetically can be used for conversion into capital assets.